Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. 1. by offering flextime to all employees 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Our mission is to foster educational excellence. However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. 1. esteem needs All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . 5. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. Theory Z Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. Frederick Taylor. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. It increases overhead costs for companies. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. A goal 3. the average worker has little ambition. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. 1. 3. providing adequate incentives. All Rights Reserved. The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. D. Elton Mayo. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. E. the equity theory. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. 2. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. professional specifically for you? Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. 3. 2. Abraham Maslow. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 1. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Need a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. William Ouchi. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Learn more about energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members at a Management 3.0 Workshop. 3. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. E. the equity theory. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Wed love your input. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. 11 May. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. This is an incorrect collective assumption. This practice is most closely associated with: Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 1. job sharing. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. 4. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. 4. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 3. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. IvyPanda. This company has adopted: I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . How can managers avoid equity problems? To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. B. Frederick llerzberg. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? 2. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. 3. achievement Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor's Theory Y perspective. ADVERTISEMENTS: In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. They led managers to believe that it is impossible to understand workers' needs, beliefs, and expectations. Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. 4. physiological needs His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. 2. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . Herzberg's motivational factors. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. 4. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. Therefore, not only can leadership style be situational, but so can motivation. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. 2. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. 4. Job sharing McGregor's 1960 book, . All Rights Reserved. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. 4. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 4. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. 2. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? Herzberg's hygiene factors. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. This is an example of flextime. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. 4. the average worker has little ambition. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. must. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. 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