Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. to work, get an education, marry, divorce, bear children or not) varies significantly depending on the attitude of her husband or closest male relative. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. He was married to a Persian princess. According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Iranians regularly break the Islamic civil rules; however, this always carries a risk of arrest. The primary beverage is black tea. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. Perhaps the biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. First, following the process recommended by the World Health Organization (Citation2017), the original interview questions were translated into Persian by a psychology researcher whose mother tongue is Persian. 6. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). When Nahal is told shes had a miscarriage, instead of seeking support from her familywho have, in the past, refused to recognize her struggle with depressionshe keeps the news to herself, leading to desperation. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Illness is our fault; it is due to our bad habits and way of life. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Look! In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. 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